The Sinhalese (Sri Lankan Buddhists) migrated to then Malaya a century ago when both Malaya and Ceylon were under British colonial rule. [10] In April 2005 two Christians were arrested for distributing Christian material in front of a mosque, although charges were later dropped. It was influential before Islam took over. Ländername: Malaysia Regierungsform: Konstitutionelle Wahlmonarchie und Parlamentarische Demokratie Zwei-Kammer-Parlament: Abgeordnetenhaus … PAS, which controls the state of Kelantan restricts imams affiliated with BN from their mosques. Several Muslim groups boycotted and condemned an interfaith council, claiming Islam should only be discussed by Muslims. They are Muslims and speak Bahasa. [10], A Chinese population known as the Hui people practised Islam yet retained Chinese culture and have unique traditions. The secular courts of Malaysia have ruled they do not have the authority to decide these cases, referring them to the Syariah courts. Des Weiteren bestehen (Grenz-)Streitigkeiten über Singapurs Landgewinnung, Brückenbau und Seegrenzen. [23] A similar statement was made by Prime Minister on 12 March 2009, where he stated Malaysia was a "negara Islam". The remainder is accounted for by other faiths, including Animism, Folk religion, Sikhism, Baháʼí Faith and other belief systems. The government in the country supports a moderate version of Sunni Islam referred to as Islam Hadhari. Most Malaysian Chinese follow Mahayana Buddhism or Chinese traditional religion (including Taoism, Confucianism, and ancestor worship). [19] Nightclubs and bars thrive in the cities. Islam is one of the most important factors distinguishing a Malay from a non-Malay, and, by law, all Malays are Muslim. Der Islam ist die Staatsreligion, mehr als die Hälfte der Bevölkerung bekennen sich als Muslime. [14] The predominance of Islam and its slow spread into everyday life in Malaysia has caused worry for non-Muslim groups. Most of the Muslim holy days are national holidays, for instance, the birthday of Mohammad, the end of the Hajj, and the end of Ramadan. [10] Holidays have been declared for holy days in numerous religions,[9] although only Islam has more than one national holiday. The government opposes what it calls "Deviant" teachings, forcing those who are deemed to follow these teachings to undergo "rehabilitation". [19] In 2018 the Chief Minister of the state of Sarawak pledged to amend Sarawak's laws to allow individuals to convert from Islam, following a court case where 3 women who had converted to Islam after marrying Muslims sought to be registered as Christians again following divorce from their spouse or their spouse's death. [27], Many Muslims who have attempted to convert have received death threats. The … [55] Initial conversions focused mainly on the Straits Settlements. Communities existed in Singapore, Pangkor Island, and Sitiawan before the Second World War. Every person has the right to profess and practice his religion and, subject to Clause (4), to propagate (spread and promote) it. Malaysian police have arrested a resort owner after he allowed 13 Buddhists to use a Muslim prayer room (surau) for their meditation at Kota Tinggi, Johor. [14] Other countries have examined Malaysia as an example for handling Islamic fundamentalism. Christmas is a national holiday, although Easter is not. [49] The incident has been a frown upon Muslims in Malaysia. Rund 60 % der Fläche Malaysias sind gebirgig, ausgedehnte Sumpf- und Flussebenen bedecken große Teile des Landes. Most are Gujaratis, who are thought to have arrived in Malacca in the 15th or 16th century. Das bedeutet in keiner Weise, daß Malaysia ein islamischer Staat ist. The ethnic Malays and indigenous peoples of the country together represent around 61.7% of the population. In 2006 the state of Negeri Sembilan announced the demolition of a Hindu temple, although the temple sought injunction and took it to court. Malays are forbidden from leaving Islam and face consequences when they do. [8] Statistics from the 2010 Census indicate that 83.6% of Malaysia's ethnic Chinese identify as Buddhist, with significant numbers of adherents following Taoism (3.4%) and Christianity (11.1%). [citation needed], All the world's major religions have substantial representation in Malaysia. Approximately 60% of the population identify as Sunni Muslims who make this demographic in 12 out of 13 national states; Sarawak is the exception with a Christian majority. After the communist revolution in China, more Jews fled to Southeast Asia. The largest religion in Malaysia is Islam. Die malaysische Gesellschaft setzt sich aus vielen Religionen zusammen und auch das Grundrecht garantiert die Religionsfreiheit. Similarly, the film The Passion of the Christ was restricted only to Christian viewers. While the ruling government believes that attaining economic power will empower the Malay population, PAS sees that as an erosion of Islamic values. Hinduism was influential prior to Islam, but current adherents are mostly descended from migrant communities from Tamil Nadu who came to Malaya to work on British rubber plantations. State governments can impose Islamic law on Muslims, and the government will offer grants to private Muslim schools that allow a government-approved curriculum and supervision. Loosely classified as animism, the beliefs are not recognised by the state as a religion. Many people follow the Shaivite, or Saivite, tradition (worship of Shiva), of Southern India. It was introduced to Malaya by an Iranian couple in 1950, with the first National Spiritual Assembly being elected in 1964. The famous Chinese traveler-monk, Yi Jing, stopped over there on his sea voyage to Nalanda, India in 671 CE. Alle Rechte vorbehalten, Andere Reiseziele: Vive Panamá | Vive Kolumbien | Vive Sri Lanka. Informationen zu internationalen und regionalen Flugverbindungen, Informationen über die örtlichen Strassenverhältnisse und Mietwagenbedingungen, Informationen zu Reisekranken- und Reiserücktrittsversicherungen. [16], As modernisation has increased, it has brought along with it an increase in secularism. ‘Arabization’ of Malaysian religion, culture comes under spotlight: 12/23/2017 The online abuse hurled at Malaysia's Muslim women: 08/21/2017 Christian preachers' disappearance in Malaysia stokes fears of crackdown on religious minorities: 06/07/2017 Outrage in multiethnic Malaysia as government backs Islamic law: 06/28/2016 [59], A small Baháʼí Faith community exists in Malaysia, with members from Chinese, Eurasian, Indian, Indigenous communities. Mit Flexionstabellen der verschiedenen Fälle und Zeiten Aussprache und relevante Diskussionen Kostenloser Vokabeltrainer As of the 2010 Population and Housing Census, 61.3 percent of the population practices Islam; 19.8 percent Buddhism; 9.2 percent Christianity; 6.3 percent Hinduism; and 3.4 percent traditional Chinese religions. Zwischen den beiden ungefähr gleich großen Landesteilen liegt das Südchinesische Meer. However, there are also some Vaishnava Hindus in Malaysia as well, many of them of North Indian extraction, and these Hindus worship in temples such as the Geeta Ashram in Sek… The Islamic judges are expected to follow the Shafi`i legal school of Islam, which is the main madh'hab of Malaysia. [10] It was argued that as the Bibles could be used to spread religions other than Islam, they were against the constitution. Restrictions have been imposed on Imams coming from overseas. Oft ist es möglich in der selben Straße Gotteshäuser von verschiedenen Religionen zu finden. [13], Both Barisan Nasional (BN) and the opposition Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS) party have attempted to deliver political messages using mosques in the states they govern. Religion in Malaysiais strictly controlled by the State and the Constitution includes a clause saying all Malaysians are Muslims. It is meant to encourage a balanced approach to life and encourages inclusivity, tolerance, and looking outwards. The federal government does not intervene in legal disputes over conversion, leaving it to the courts. The Malays are the largest community. Als offizielle Religion des Landes wird der Islam anerkannt. [22] In 2007 Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi first called Malaysia an Islamic state. [43] Cases concerning a Muslim and a non-Muslim are usually handled by the civil courts, although in cases such as child custody or property settlement the non-Muslim has no say. Relations between different religious groups are generally quite tolerant, even though members of the different ethnic groups do tend to have more homogeneous personal relations, based on ethnicity and religion. [10] Islam is thought to have been brought to Malaysia around the 12th century by Indian traders. [28] Only one person is known to have had their conversion from Islam accepted, an 89-year-old woman who converted to Buddhism in 1936 and had her decision accepted after her death in 2006. Some non-Muslim interfaith organisations do exist, such as the MCCBCHS, the Malaysian Council of Churches, and the Christian Federation of Malaysia. [53], There is growing anger in the Hindu community over what they believe is a government-backed drive to demolish Hindu temples under the guise that they are illegal structures. [56] The Bible in the indigenous Iban language was allowed, as that language has no alternate word besides "Allah" for God. Malaysia continued to make slow progress in 2019 in some areas of the governing ... Deutsch Português ... Freedom of Religion. [citation needed], Per Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia one must be Muslim to be considered Malay. The practice among the majority ethnic Chinese who profess themselves as Buddhists is actually a mixture of Buddhism and Chinese beliefs and traditions. Earlier that month he had made another statement, saying Malaysia was neither a theocratic or secular state. Today these areas are parts of the modern nations of Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Brunei, Myanmar, and Thailand. [10], In 2009 the National Fatwa Committee decided female circumcision was part of Malaysian Islamic practice,[44] making it obligatory unless determined to be harmful to the individual.[45]. Malaysian Chinese practice various faiths: Mahayana Buddhism and Chinese traditional religions (including Taoism). [18] Attempts by Muslims to convert to other religions are punished by state governments, with punishments ranging from fines to imprisonment. [10] Practice of the Hindu religion is strongly linked with the cultural identity of Malaysian Indians. We met with a few ethnic Malay believers and asked them about life as a follower of Christ in Malaysia. When missionaries began to spread through the peninsula, they were discouraged from converting Malays, focusing on Chinese and Indian immigrants. However, PAS is often seen as to not be able to relate Islamic beliefs to modern society, especially in multicultural Malaysia. [26] Non-Malays are more free to shift between religions. The last burial in Penang's Jewish cemetery took place in 1978. [35], Islam is the predominant religion of the country and is recognised as the state's official religion. [10] People of non-Muslim origins are required to convert to Islam if they marry a Muslim person. According to The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, vol. Den Malaysiern sind Toleranz und Akzeptanz gegenüber anderen Religionen wichtig. [35] The Hindu Rights Action Force, a coalition of 50 Hindu-based NGOs, has accused the government of an unofficial policy of "temple cleansing", with much of the demolition focused around the capital city, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia’s second religion is Mahayana Buddhism accounting for approximately 20% of … Islam, the official religion The State religion is Islam, which is practised by the majority of the Malaysian population. [1] Actually, the percentage of practitioners of the Chinese folk religions may be higher, as many practise both Buddhism and folk religions. A significant section (10.4%) of Malaysia’s population comprises of immigrant workers from various foreign countries. In 607CE, a Chinese embassy of the Sui Dynasty recorded the presence of the Buddhist kingdom of Che-tu (literally, “red-earth”). The city of Shah Alam has not allowed any churches to be built. Malaysia has over 150 Taoist temples served by 12,000 priests, with the Taoist communities sharing links with those in Taiwan and Mainland China. [10] Islamic police monitor the Muslim population. [8], Malaysia is a multi-religious society, but while the Malaysian constitution theoretically guarantees freedom of religion, Islam is the official religion of the federation, as well as the legally presumed faith of all ethnic Malays. … [54] An Indian minister in the cabinet even threatened to boycott Deepavali in response to these demolitions. [38], Although most people in Malaya were Muslim by the 15th century, the tolerant form of Islam brought by the Sufi meant that many traditional practices were incorporated into Islamic traditions. At the time of independence women wore tight-fitting outfits, but now wear headscarves. It was not seen as something to be used as a basis of law, except by some Malay nationalists. Only upon approval do they qualify for government benefits. Islam is the official religion of Malaysia and has the largest following among the population. Christianity arrived in Malaysia in the 7th century by Arab, Persian and Turkish traders. However, in 21th century, religion seems to be no longer significant to the societies because of … Er ist die Haupreligion Malaysias, ungefähr 60 % der Bevölkerung sind Moslems. Most Mahayana Buddhist temples in Malaysia adopt the classical ‘Chinese temple’ architectural style. Even non-Malays who have converted to Islam are not allowed to leave Islam, and children born to Muslim parents are considered to be Muslims. [61], Traditional beliefs are still practised by the Orang Asal people. [18] The Prime Minister Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2004 appeared at a Christian gathering to read from the Bible and called for religious unity despite differences. [10], A small Sikh community exists in Malaysia, brought by the British to form police units. The Maharajas of Srivijaya were Buddhists, and they were responsible for building many of the monuments in Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia, and Java, including the famous Candi Borobudur (in Central Java). Some restrictions are made on Malay texts from non-Islamic religions in Peninsula Malaysia, however, there are much less restrictions in East Malaysia. [9] Both parties became more Islamic in the 1980s and 1990s to try to obtain more of the Malay vote. Regulation of sexual activities among the Muslim population is strict, with laws prohibiting unmarried couples from occupying a secluded area or a confined space, to prevent suspicion of acts considered islamically immoral. Wesak Day was officially declared a public holiday in 1962 throughout the newly independent Federation of Malaya. Highlights Malaysias & Perhentian Islands, Hochzeitsreise: Metropole, Dschungel & Traumstrände, die Moschee von Masjid Ubudiah in Kuala Kangsar mit ihrer riesigen goldverkleideten Kuppel, die Höhlen von Batu, eines der berühmtesten hinduistischen Heiligtümer außerhalb Indiens mit einer mehr als 10 Stockwerke hohen Statue, der chinesische Tempel von Thean Hou in Kuala Lumpur, der sich über 6 Etagen und mehr als 5.000m2 erstreckt. The restrictions of the dissemination of Malay-language Christian material is much less strict in East Malaysia than in the west. [48], In 2013, a video of a group of Buddhist practitioners from Singapore conducting religious ceremonies in a surau had become viral on Facebook. The civil court claims that conversions are under the jurisdiction of the Syariah courts, but converts contend that as they are no longer Muslim the Syariah courts hold no power over them. Restrictions have been placed on the construction of new churches, although existing ones are allowed to operate. The Chinese comprise about a third of the population. Good Friday is also an official holiday in East Malaysia, although not a national one. [62], International Islamic University of Malaysia, Malaysian Consultative Council of Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Sikhism and Taoism, Article 160 of the Constitution of Malaysia, "Taburan Penduduk dan Ciri-ciri Asas Demografi", "Population Distribution and Basic Demographic Characteristic Report 2010 (Updated: 05/08/2011)", "Putrajaya: Freedom of religion does not equal freedom from religion", "Atheists face death in 13 countries, global discrimination: study", "PRESS STATEMENT: Malaysia a secular State", "Racism has poisoned Malaysian politics for far too long", "Religious council throws its weight behind all three rallies", "Once Muslim, Now Christian and Caught in the Courts", "Doing the Impossible: Quitting Islam in Malaysia", "Malaysia's secular vision vs. 'writing on the wall, "The Islamic State or the State of Islam in Malaysia", "Malaysia: Prime Minister declares, "Yes, we ARE an Islamic state, "Malaysia minorities fear Islamic law changes", "Concerns are growing that Malaysia is going backward in terms of religious freedom", "Marriage Procedures Between Muslim and Non-Muslim", "Sarawak could allow converts to renounce Islam", "Non-Muslim pupils forced to eat in bathroom because of Ramadan", "Religious violence in Malaysia escalates as more churches attacked", "Rise of Islam rankles Malaysia's minority faiths", "Malaysian leader tells church group regime is secular", "Malaysia ethnic Indians in uphill fight on religion", Constitution of Malaysia:Article 160 (2)-1, "Unmarried couples caught in Malaysia hotel raids", "Malaysia moving forward in matters of Islam and women by Marina Mahathir - Common Ground News Service", "Women NGOs urge govt to ban female genital mutilation - Nation | The Star Online", "Female circumcision: Culture and religion in Malaysia see millions of girls undergo cut", "One year after surau controversy, normalcy returns to Johor resort", "Understanding Indian Religious Practice in Malaysia", "Hindu group protests 'temple cleansing' in Malaysia", "Stones thrown at Malaysian Sikh temple following religious row", Sultan Ismail Petra Silver Jubilee Mosque, Church of the Province of South East Asia, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Malaysia, Arulmigu Balathandayuthapani Temple, Penang, Sri Sithi Vinayagar Temple, Petaling Jaya, Arulmigu Sri Rajakaliamman Glass Temple, Johor Bahru, Arulmigu Karumariamman Temple, Seberang Perai, Sri Marathandavar Bala Dhandayuthapani Alayam, Sree Maha Mariamman Devasthanam Temple, Butterworth, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Religion_in_Malaysia&oldid=1016864572, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2012, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 April 2021, at 13:47. The government also indirectly funds non-Islamic communities, although to a much smaller degree. [9], The government prohibits any publications that it feels will incite racial or religious disharmony,[9] and has asked that religious matters not be discussed in public due to their sensitivity. Aber auch die anderen großen Weltreligionen Hinduismus, Christentum und der Buddhismus sind vertreten. Frauen in Burka, die man in Kuala Lumpur antrifft, sind normalerweise Touristen. Kedah, lying half-way between China and the Middle-east, was an important entréport in the “Maritime Silk-route”. Malaysia ist ein Bundesstaat in Südostasien. [17] The movement towards a more Islamic society, known as dakwah, is often viewed as an effort to resist western influences. The Islamic party PAS desires a stricter interpretation of Islam and the promotion of Islamic law. [32], The separate religious communities have a generally tolerant relationship. Many nominally claim membership in a certain belief, yet respect beliefs from multiple religions into their lives. [9] Converts taken to be rehabilitated by Islamic authorities are forced to dress and act as Muslims. [46], It is uncommon for any Malaysian Chinese to be an absolute follower of a particular belief. Vielmehr ist es ein weiterer Grund, das Land zu besuchen. The geographic position of Malaysia on the main historical shipping routes between Indian, Arab and European regions on the one side and China and Japan on the other has made Malaysia a meeting ground of cultures and religions for thousands of years. Malaysian Chinese religion refers to religious beliefs of Chinese origin as practiced by the sizable Chinese minority of Malaysia.These beliefs and practices are heavily influenced by the three faiths practiced by Chinese communities, Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. Malays mainly control the political power in Malaysia. It is however opposed by Muslims who see it as an invasion of western culture and worldview. These Islamic courts have unanimously ruled that all ethnic Malays must remain Muslims. (For example, you cannot be stopped from practising your religion, whatever it may be, in Malaysia.) [10] Islam is generally practised liberally, although in the last 20 years strict adherence to Islamic practice has increased. Located in the interiors of modern-day Kelantan, the kingdom supplied gold and jungle produce to Langkasuka and Champa (Southern Vietnam). Archaeological evidence, as well as official Chinese imperial records and Indian sources, confirm the existence of several Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms in Malaysia from the 3rd to 13th Centuries CE. [7] Eids, Wesak, Christmas, Lunar New Year, and Deepavali have been declared national holidays. [39], In June 2005 religious authorities reported that there were 22 "deviant" religious groups with around 2,820 followers in Malaysia. "[21] In September 2001 debate was caused by then Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad's announcement that Malaysia was already an Islamic State. [9], Freedom of religion, despite being guaranteed in the constitution, faces many restrictions in Malaysia. Public schools offer an Islamic religious instruction course which is compulsory for Muslim students, and non-Muslim students take a morals and ethics course. [9] State governments control mosques, appoint imams, and provide guidance for sermon content. The many ethnic groups of Theravadins usually establish temples in the style of their own traditions, and catering mainly to their own indigenous groups. Jews first came into contact with the Malay peninsula during the 11th century when Jewish traders traded with the Kedah Sultanate and Langkasuka. A Malaysian Buddhist Council has been created to promote the study and practice of Buddhism and promote solidarity among Malaysian Buddhists. Although Buddhism was influential prior to the arrival of Islam, the majority of the current Chinese population arrived during British rule of Malaya. Although the religion is not as organised as others, a Malaysia Taoist Association was formed in 1995 and a Taoist Organisation League was formed in 1997. Most Malaysian Chinese practice a syncretic blend of various faiths, including Mahayana Buddhism and other denominations of Buddhism, the Chinese folk religions, Confucianism and Taoism. [58] By the 1990s the community had disappeared, and it is now thought that there are only two Jews who hold Malaysian passports. [33], However, some politicians allege that there is a creeping Islamisation of Malaysian society, and due to the links between race and religion it is thought the economic status of different races causes many religious problems. [57], A small Jewish community existed on the island of Penang. Malaysia has a large population of around 31,809,660 individuals. [15], Despite the recognition of Islam as the state religion in the constitution, when created it was explicitly noted that the status was merely a symbolic one. [19] A non-Muslim who wishes to marry a Muslim must first convert to Islam. The state government of Selangor in August 2005 withheld visas from foreign imams to try to increase the number of local imams. The Mahayana Buddhists conduct their services in Mandarin and in various other Chinese dialects, although some urban-area temples have been preaching in English. [36] In the early 15th century the Malacca Sultanate, commonly considered the first independent state in the peninsula, was founded. [9] Malay politicians have asked the Chinese and Indian communities not to question Malay rights, for fear of igniting ethnic violence, with harmony between the races and religions being seen as a necessity. [10] The official code of Islam in Malaysia is Sunni, and the practice of any other form of Islam is heavily restricted. Because this… 2. Hinduism is practised by the majority of Malaysian Indians. [9] The conflict between the federal and state governments over religious authority led to a slow pace of reform and development of laws relating to Islam. [34], In February 2005 the Malaysian Bar Council organised the discussion of an interfaith commission, although several Islamic groups refused to participate claiming the commission would "weaken Islam". Als offizielle Religion des Landes wird der Islam anerkannt. [10], Traders with links to Christianity from the Middle East arrived in what is now Malaysia in the 7th century. Here, in their own words, are their answers: What is it like … Continued Besonders Malakka gilt als ein herausragendes Beispiel für die multireligiöse Architektur Malaysias.Besonders beeindruckende religiöse Bauten sind: Copyright 2021 Vivelo Worldwide S.L. As Portuguese influence declined Protestantism began to eclipse Catholicism. [24], In recent years, there have been some issues over non-Muslims eating during Muslim fasting month,[30] religious terminology used by non-Muslims,[31] and non-Muslim religious sites affected by intolerant Muslim authorities. Malaysia has a land area of 127,320 square miles (329,760 square kilometers), making it slightly larger than New Mexico. The second-largest religion in Malaysia is Buddhism followed by almost 20% of Malaysian citizens. It is not tied to any specific ethnic group. [35], About 10% of the population of Malaysia are Christians, mostly non-Malay Bumiputera, also including some Malaysian Chinese and Malaysian Indian minorities. [17] Those who have converted lead a secret double life. [60] A community of around 2500 Jains lives in Malaysia, with the state of Ipoh hosting the only Jain temple in Southeast Asia. [1] Many indigenous tribes of East Malaysia have converted to Christianity, although Christianity has made fewer inroads into Peninsular Malaysia. About 60% of Malaysians practice this faith. West-Malaysia umfasst den Südteil der Malaiischen Halbinsel, Ost-Malaysia besteht aus den Gliedstaaten Sarawak und Sabah, die den Norden der Insel Borneo einnehmen. Christianity spread further through missionaries who arrived during British rule in the 19th century and introduced Christianity to East Malaysia. A close relationship with nature is nurtured, and the relationship of humans and nature is a strong part of the religion, with everyday activities such as hunting and gathering having spiritual significance. However, Department of Islamic Development Malaysia later clarified that Baháʼí Faith was erroneously declared a deviant offshoot of Islam by one of the state religious authorities as the 14th Muzakarah (Conference) of the Fatwa Committee of the National Council for Islamic Religious Affairs Malaysia held on 22–23 October 1985 decided that the Baháʼí doctrine is not part of Islam and the religion is recognised by the Registration Department and national census as an independent religion. Other ministers opposed this discrimination. The Malays are the largest community. [9] The jurisdiction of Shariah courts is limited only to Muslims in matters such as marriage, inheritance, divorce, apostasy, religious conversion, and custody among others. With its multi-racial society however you find that there are several other major religions practiced including Christianity, Buddhism, Hinduism, Taoism and various tribal religions. After protests by Muslim leaders in the governing coalition, this was withdrawn. [9] Many women wear the tudong, which covers the head but leaves the face exposed, although there is no law requiring this. [24] Based on the Malaysian constitution, a Malay in Malaysia must be a Muslim,[19][25] and Malays cannot convert to another religion.
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